How hybrid works
The term ‘hybrid’ refers to a combination of two or more features in one. Hybrid car, thus, involves a combination of two technologies for its working. Instead of a single fuel, it uses the efficiency of two fuels – gasoline with electricity or diesel with electricity. This is the main feature of hybrid cars, which makes them more fuel-efficient and environment friendly and the most sought after vehicles on the earth at present.
The hybrid car has three main components – the fuel engine, an electric motor and a battery. The fuel engine of hybrid cars is similar to that in the conventional cars. Most of the hybrid cars in the market use gasoline as the main fuel, and thus forms the gasoline-electric hybrid, although a French company, PSA Peugeot Citroen is working on new diesel-electric hybrid models. The electric motor in the hybrid cars is unique as it performs the function of a motor as well as a generator. The battery provides the electric supply to the motor, and the important feature of it is that it can be recharged by the power of the fuel engine. Because of this recapturing strategy, hybrid cars do not require to be plugged in.
There are two categories of hybrids – the mild hybrid and the full hybrid. In the mild technology, the fuel engine works as the main propeller and the electric motor assists in its operation by supplying power whenever needed, and so the electric motor and fuel engine works interdependently. Unlike the conventional cars in which the fuel tank can only power the fuel engine, the electric motor in the hybrid cars can give energy to the batteries and also draw energy from them, but this give-and-take mechanism cannot work in both ways simultaneously. At a time it gives or it takes. Honda has launched this technology in its Insight and 2003-2005 Civic Hybrid models.
The full hybrid category, on the other hand, is able to give and accept power at the same time. This technology provides a more flexible electric motor working conditions making it work independently in certain situations. For example, in certain hybrid models, the electric motor takes up the initial step-up performance at a lower speed and the fuel engine takes over when the vehicle attains a reasonable speed. When the car is accelerated to a very high speed, both the fuel engine and the electric motor turn into action together, and thus results the better speed without harming the engine. The full hybrid technology is embedded in the famous Toyota Prius, Ford Escape Hybrid, Mercury Mariner Hybrid, Toyota Highlander, and Lexus RX 400h models. The earlier Honda Civic Hybrid also was turned into the full hybrid category in the year 2006.
This two-power technology is the main factor for the significant mileage of these vehicles. In future as well, the auto industry will have more technologies to address the issues faced by customers and the state. Keep driving.
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